Strokes Used in Chinese Characters

Strokes Used in Chinese Characters The earliest forms of Chinese writing date from the Xia Dynasty (2070 - 1600 BC). These were etched on animal bones and turtle shells which are known as oracle bones. The writing on oracle bones is known as ç” ²Ã© ª ¨Ã¦â€"‡ (jiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n). Oracle bones were used for divination by heating them up and interpreting the resulting cracks. The script recorded the questions and answers. JiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n script clearly shows the origins of current Chinese characters. Although much more stylized than the current characters, jiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n script is often recognizable to modern readers. Evolution of Chinese Script The JiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n script consists of objects, people or things. As the need for recording more complex ideas arose, new characters were introduced. Some characters are combinations of two or more simpler characters, each of which can contribute a particular meaning or sound to the more complex character. As the Chinese writing system became more formalized, the concepts of strokes and radicals became its foundation. Strokes are the basic gestures used to write Chinese characters, and radicals are the building blocks of all Chinese characters. Depending on the classification system, there are about 12 different strokes and 216 different radicals. The Eight Basic Strokes There are many ways to classify strokes. Some systems find up to 37 different strokes, but many of these are variations. The Chinese character æ ° ¸ (yÇ’ng), meaning forever or permanence is often used to illustrate the 8 basic strokes of Chinese characters. They are: DiÇŽn, (é »Å¾/ç‚ ¹) DotHà ©ng, (æ © «) HorizontalShà ¹, (ç « ª) ErectGÃ… u, (é‰ ¤) HookTà ­, (æ  ) RaiseWÄ n, (Ã¥ ½Å½/Ã¥ ¼ ¯) Bend, curvePiÄ›, (æ’‡) Throw away, slantN, (æ  º) Pressing forcefully These eight strokes can be seen in the diagram above. All Chinese characters are composed of these 8 basic strokes, and knowledge of these strokes is essential for any student of Mandarin Chinese who wishes to write Chinese characters by hand. It is now possible to write in Chinese on the computer, and never write the characters by hand. Even so, it is still a good idea to become familiar with strokes and radicals, since they are used as a classification system in many dictionaries. The Twelve Strokes Some systems of stroke classification identify 12 basic strokes. In addition to the 8 strokes seen above, the 12 strokes include variations on GÃ… u, (é‰ ¤) Hook, which include: æ ¨ ªÃ©â€™ © Hà ©ng GÃ… uç «â€"é’ © Shà ¹ GÃ… uÃ¥ ¼ ¯Ã©â€™ © WÄ n GÃ… uæâ€"Å"é’ © Xià © GÃ… u Stroke Order Chinese characters are written with a codified stroke order. The basic stroke order is Left to Right, Top to Bottom but more rules are added as the characters become more complex.   Stroke Count Chinese characters range from 1 to 64 strokes. The stroke count is an important way to classify Chinese characters in dictionaries. If you know how to write Chinese characters by hand, you will be able to count the number of strokes in an unknown character, allowing you to look it up in the dictionary. This is a very useful skill, especially when the characters radical is not evident. Stroke count is also used when naming babies. Traditional beliefs in Chinese culture hold that a persons destiny in greatly influenced by their name, so great care is taken to choose a name that will bring good fortune to the bearer. This involves choosing Chinese characters that are in harmony with each other, and which have the proper number of strokes. Simplified and Traditional Characters Beginning in the 1950s, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) introduced simplified Chinese characters to promote literacy. Close to 2,000 Chinese characters were altered from their traditional form, in the belief that these characters would be easier to read and write. Some of these characters are quite different from their traditional counterparts which are still used in Taiwan. The underlying principals of character writing, however, remain the same, and the same types of strokes are used in both traditional and simplified Chinese characters.

Union College Admissions and Acceptance Rate

Union College Admissions and Acceptance Rate Union College in Schenectady, New York is a relatively selective school, admitting 37 percent of its applicants. Learn admissions data for this school. You can  calculate your chances of getting in  with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) Union College Acceptance Rate: 37  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Union AdmissionsUnion College is test-optional About Union College Founded in 1795, Union College is a private liberal arts college located in Schenectady, New York, northwest of Albany. It was the first college chartered by the Board of Regents in New York State. Explore the campus with the  Union College photo tour. Union students come from 38 states and 34 countries, and they can choose from 30 degree programs. Union has a 10 to 1  student/faculty ratio, and upper-level classes average 15 students (20 students for introductory courses). Unions strengths in the liberal arts and sciences earned the school a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa. Student life is active with more than 100 clubs and activities, 17 fraternities and sororities, 12 theme houses, and seven Minerva Houses (centers for academic and social activities). In athletics, the Union College Dutchmen compete in the NCAA Division III Liberty League (Hockey is in the Division I ECAC Conference Hockey League). Enrollment (2015) Total Enrollment: 2,269  (all undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 54 percent male / 46 percent female98 percent full-time Costs (2016 -17) Tuition and Fees: $51,696Books: $1,500  (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,678Other Expenses: $486Total Cost: $66,360 Union College Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of Students Receiving Aid: 85  percentPercentage of Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 83 percentLoans: 43 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $25,492Loans: $7,843 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Economics, English, History, Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mechanical Engineering, Political Science, PsychologyWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 92 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 81 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 87  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Football, Hockey, Lacrosse, Swimming, Track and Field, Baseball, RowingWomens Sports:  Lacrosse, Rowing, Soccer, Softball, Track and Field, Basketball, Field Hockey If You Like Union College, You May Also Like These Schools: Skidmore College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTufts University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTrinity College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHobart William Smith Colleges: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCornell University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph  Bates College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlfred University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphVassar College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBinghamton University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSyracuse University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStony Brook University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Union College Mission Statement: mission statement from union.edu/about/mission/index.php Union College, founded in 1795, is a scholarly community dedicated to shaping the future and to understanding the past. Faculty, staff, and administrators welcome diverse and talented students into our community, work closely with them to provide a broad and deep education, and guide them in finding and cultivating their passions. We do this with a wide range of disciplines and interdisciplinary programs in the liberal arts and engineering, as well as academic, athletic, cultural, and social activities, including opportunities to study abroad and to participate in undergraduate research and community service. We develop in our students the analytic and reflective abilities needed to become engaged, innovative, and ethical contributors to an increasingly diverse, global, and technologically complex society. Data Sources: National Center for Educational Statistics and the Union College Website

League of Legend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

League of Legend - Essay Example Gender discrepancy is one of the major elements in the game. The conception that a video gamer is mostly male is completely misguided. Nowadays, women make up about 45 percent of the gamers in the United States (Yu, 2013). Even in a game like League of Legend that is mostly dominated male, there is still about 35 percent female gamer (Conditt, 2014). Annie started playing the game about 2 years ago, now she ranked in top 10 percentile among all people in North America server. People are astounded when they learned that she is female since the feat she accomplished is rare among female. Difference display in physiological aspects of the game is very obvious among 4 players. As for Annie, she only picks female and cute cartoonish characters in the game. She claimed that the identities and appearances of those charterers are appealing to her, and she told me that she dressed up like the character in the game on Halloween. Therefore, it is clear that Annie has embraced and accepted the c ulture, as she chooses to dress as the female character in the game. From Annie’s response, it is evident that there exist gender stereotype. For example, she only chooses to pick female characters in the game although she has the choice of picking male who exhibit masculine characteristics. Annie’s views are clearly influenced by the outside world. Influence from the outside world comes from various sources like peers and media. For instance, media influence is responsible for cultivating attitudes, which explains Annie’s choice of feminine characters.

Change Management Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Change Management Plan - Essay Example Although change impacts the entire organization and its employees, in this instance it has an obvious and specific impact on the customer service division since it largely involves the employees who are the primary interface with the customer base once the sale has been completed. As the primary point of contact for customers, the customer service department must be well informed and capable of explaining the change value proposition to all that interact with the company through that channel. Despite the potential of internal resistance, benefits should be emphasizes so that they can be passed forward as well as actualized internally (Daly, 1995). Since these benefits include improved communications and teamwork through a new matrix management structure, the expected value to the customer is faster and more accurate service, and as a consequence, higher margins for the organization. Internally, it means better utilization of available resource since more traditional lines of organiza tion sometimes add to inefficient skill allocation. Management can now reach across departmental boundaries as required, and focus on resolution of issues on a more time sensitive basis. It is also recognized that detailed preparation should be made to m... Collection of comments and feedback from employee reaction to the change has been compiled, research of change management theory and academic research studies specific to this topic has been undertaken, and a review of best practices data of successful companies has been initiated. It became apparent from these sources that some key factors to consider relative to maximizing the value and minimizing adverse reaction to change includes reiteration of the enterprise vision and mission, proactively communicating the value, involving employees and stakeholders affected, managing the rate of change implementation, and preplanning the methodology used in the change process. With these components in mind and in conceptualizing a change management plan for SWC that may assist with guiding organizational movement toward our evolving new structure, it appears that many successful companies that formalize a change management process use project management discipline as template for managing complex processes. Specific to SWC, as the Company expands domestic and global business models it becomes increasing important to define a portfolio management tool to effectively utilize the limited resources available. Balancing the demands of those resources with process requirements, risk and cost variables, a method of realizing the vision embedded in the strategic plan is paramount (PMI, 2004). This approach is process and time tested, and seems to makes sense for any project that may require concentrated planning and implementation. As a result of this compilation of data, a framework that could be used for future change evaluation and

Disease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care Servies Essay Example for Free

Disease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care Servies Essay INTRODUCTION Americans use health care services every day, and they use them for a number of different reasons. Whether it is for preventing or curing illness, mending broken bones, delivering infants, or perhaps long term care in a nursing home there has been and will always continue to be a consistent need for the health care industry. According to an article published by the National Center for Health Care Statistics, there are a number of different factors that determine how much health care people use, the various types of care that they use, and the timing of care that they seek (Bernstein, Hing, Moss, Allen, Siller and Tiggle, 2003). These factors could include many different variables; however, for the purpose of this paper we will discuss how trends such as the aging population, and the growing rate of obesity in America are likely to influence the delivery of health care services in the future. THE AGINING POPULATION The population of the United States on April 1, 2010 was 308.7 million people. This is according to an article regarding the 2010 Census report (Howden Meyer, 2011). In the same article the age composition of the population is broken down. It shows that those aged infant to 18 accounted for 24.0 percent of the country’s population. In addition citizens between the ages of 18 and 44 represented 36.5 percent, and those 45 to 64 made up 26.4 percent of the population. Finally, individuals aged 65 or older accounted for 13.0 percent of the United States population (Howden Meyer, 2011). These numbers are expected to change significantly over the next few decades. More specifically, the older population which consists of  individuals 65 or older is expected to grow rapidly. This expected growth is largely in part due to the generation known as the baby boomers. This concept is supported in another article published by the U.S. Census Bureau. It states, Between 2010 and 2050, the United States is projected to experience rapid growth in its older population. In 2050, the number of Americans aged 65 and older is projected to be 88.5 million, more than double its projected population of 40.2 million in 2010. The baby boomers are largely responsible for this increase in the older population, as they will begin crossing into this category in 2011. (Vincent Velkoff, 2010, para 2). In addition, there are other factors that support the population growing older. These factors include a decline in fertility rates, and an increase in the age of average life expectancy. It goes without saying that older generations have different medical needs then do younger generation. Furthermore, as the populations grows older there will be a greater demand for health care services. According to a summary report published by the University of Albany it is estimated that 84 percent of people 65 or older are likely to suffer from at least one chronic medical condition. Such conditions include cancer, heart disease and diabetes to name a few (2006). Along with rising health care needs there will be a greater demand for prescription medications as well. In conjunction with these factors the need for long term care facilities will grow also. As we know already when there is a demand for something there must also be an adequate supply. There is great concern that as the population ages it is probable that the supply of health care services may not be enough. In the same summary published by the University of Albany it states, The expected growth of the older adult pop ulation in the U.S. over the next 50 years will have an unprecedented impact on the U.S. health care system, especially in terms of supply and demand for health care workers. The supply of health care workers may decrease as they age and large numbers retire and/or reduce their working hours. At the same time, older adults consume a disproportionately large share of American health care services, so the demand for health services will grow. The aging population will also affect the nature of the skills and services the health care workforce must be equipped to provide, and the settings in which this care is provided.  (2006, page 2) In addition, there will not just be a greater need for health care professionals such as psycians, nurses, lab technicians and more. There will also be a large necessity for advancements in health care technologies and facilities. We know that there is nothing that can be done to stop the process of aging itself; however, there are measures that can be taken to reduce the health complications that are related to aging. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a few opportunities to improve health and quality of life in older generations include promoting healthy lifestyle choices such as quitting smoking, and increasing the use of preventative services (2011). THE GROWING RATE OF OBESITY Obesity is a disease that is associated with having an excess amount of body fat. It is condition that has been linked to a number of different medical issues including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and stroke to name a few. As reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, over one-third of the population is considered obese costing the United States an estimated $147 billion in 2008 (2013). Although the numbers are already astonishing they are only expected to grow in the future. An article featured in the American Medical News predicts that if the obesity trends continue to rise by 2030 an estimated 50 percent of America’s men and 45 to 52 percent of its women will be obese (Henry, 2011). There are many factors that contribute to the growing trend of obesity. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the environment around us does not support healthy lifestyle habits (2012). This is because we live in a world with advance d technologies and conveniences. With busy schedules it is often easy for people to give in to fast food or microwave dinners because they are quick and easy. It can also be difficult for people to get physical exercise because many neighborhoods around the country lack safe places for recreation, or affordable gyms (The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). A few different demographic factors linked to the obesity trend include age, sex, and race. As mentioned previously, Americans spent as estimated $147 billion for health care services in 2008. This number is expected to grow substantially  over time. One author wrote that the cost of obesity is expected to reach $344 billion by the year 2018 (Thorpe, n.d.). These numbers are outrages. In addition to the rising health care cost that stems from obesity we have to be concerned about the health complications that can come with the disease. Obesity has been linked to an insane number of health conditions including type II diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, some forms of cancer, sleep apnea and many more. There are steps that can be taken to prevent obesity, and the health issues that are associated with it. Eating healthy is vital, and not always as easy as it sounds. It can be so very easy to fall into food traps but we should focus our time and energ y towards foods that are rich in nutrients and low in calories. These foods include lean meats and proteins, fruits and vegetables, and whole grains. It is also important to exercise on a regular basis. Exercises such as walking, swimming, or running are excellent. In addition, reversing the obesity epidemic in America is going to require a community effort. Schools, places of business, and government agencies should all be involved in this mission. CONCLUSION As our population ages, and obesity rates rise in America there is no doubt that the health care industry will need to adapt. These issues will require many advancements is medical technology, as well as a larger supplies of health care professionals including doctors, nurses, mental health providers, lab technicians, long term care providers, and administrators. The list could go on and on. Therefore, in the next few decades it will be important for the industry to recruit, and adequately train new health care professionals as the baby boomer population nears retirement. Moving forward, it will also be important for the community, and not just the health care world, to implement new ways to encourage preventative care. This will require many different organizations to become involved, most especially schools because the key to prevention is education. If the younger generations are taught the healthy way to live, and if more parents lead by example the future of this country would i n turn be much more healthy. The world of health care is ever changing, and there are many different  trends that affect it. As the future rolls forward it will be most interesting to see how health care professionals adapt to each trend. REFERNCES Bernstein, A. B., Hing, E., Moss, A. J., Allen K. F., Siller A.B. Tiggle R. B. (2003). Health Care in America: Trends in Utilization. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/misc/healthcare.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/aging.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Obesity and Overweight. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html Henry, T. A. (2011). U.S. Obesity Rate Expected to Reach 50% by 2030. Retrieved from http://www.amednews.com/article/20110912/health/309129951/4/ Howden, L. M., Meyer, J. M. (2011). Age and Sex Composition: 2010. 2010 Census Briefs. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-03.pdf Thorpe, K. (n.d.). New Data Shows Obesity Costs Will Grow to $344 Billion by 2018. Retrieved fr om http://www.fightchronicdisease.org/media-center/releases/new-data-shows-obesity-costs-will-grow-344-billion-2018 University of Albany. (2006). The Impact of the Aging Population on the Health Workforce in the United States: Summary of Key Findings. Retrieved from http://www.albany.edu/news/pdf_files/impact_of_aging_excerpt.pdf U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). What Causes Overweight and Obesity?. Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/obe/causes.html Vincet, G. K., Velkoff, Victoria A. (2010). The Next Four Day Decades the Older Population in the United States: 2010 to 2050: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p25-1138.pdf

Is Technology Changing Culture? Essay -- Technology

Technology, an extravagant advancement of hominid creations, is revolutionizing cultures by substituting the manifestation of human intellectual achievement with facile objects that make life on earth easier. The fact that technology affects all individuals is inevitable, since everyone is surrounded by it, from large nuclear reactors to small nano chips. Culture is affected greatly from these daily encounters by changing views upon war, religious traditions, and lifestyles. These changes do not only influence on how helpful we think the technology is, but also encourage us to discover more efficient ways of living life. Although the technology is slowly making everyone â€Å"couch potatoes,† it makes us leave a more positive economic and environmental footprint. By purchasing these extraordinary pieces of technology consumers can encourage the industries to create more appealing and efficient products. As we encourage the industries we also set â€Å"guide lines† for t hem to meet. For example if the industry creates a hundred Gigabyte music player, the next release everyone would expect a physically smaller music player capable of having more storage space. Cultures change on the influence technology has on the society. When cultures change, it affects the way we think of life. When humans developed very sophisticated military weapons using new technology, the world’s perspective towards other lives had changed. For example the nuclear bomb was a major leap in weaponry, when it was developed countries started to think it was acceptable to store nuclear rockets that, if executed, could kill all life on earth three times over. As soon as we developed machines to sew clothing in massive quantities companies tried different ways of wearing clo... ...e and Technology." Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . 3. " ." Acton Institute. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . 4. "UnderstandingSociety." : Technology and Culture. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . 5. "Technological Determinism." Technological Determinism. Web. 17 May 2012. . 6. "Talcott Parsons." Talcott Parsons. Web. 17 May 2012. . "Terra Nova." : Culture vs Technology. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. . "Home." Gapingvoid. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. . Is Technology Changing Culture? Essay -- Technology Technology, an extravagant advancement of hominid creations, is revolutionizing cultures by substituting the manifestation of human intellectual achievement with facile objects that make life on earth easier. The fact that technology affects all individuals is inevitable, since everyone is surrounded by it, from large nuclear reactors to small nano chips. Culture is affected greatly from these daily encounters by changing views upon war, religious traditions, and lifestyles. These changes do not only influence on how helpful we think the technology is, but also encourage us to discover more efficient ways of living life. Although the technology is slowly making everyone â€Å"couch potatoes,† it makes us leave a more positive economic and environmental footprint. By purchasing these extraordinary pieces of technology consumers can encourage the industries to create more appealing and efficient products. As we encourage the industries we also set â€Å"guide lines† for t hem to meet. For example if the industry creates a hundred Gigabyte music player, the next release everyone would expect a physically smaller music player capable of having more storage space. Cultures change on the influence technology has on the society. When cultures change, it affects the way we think of life. When humans developed very sophisticated military weapons using new technology, the world’s perspective towards other lives had changed. For example the nuclear bomb was a major leap in weaponry, when it was developed countries started to think it was acceptable to store nuclear rockets that, if executed, could kill all life on earth three times over. As soon as we developed machines to sew clothing in massive quantities companies tried different ways of wearing clo... ...e and Technology." Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . 3. " ." Acton Institute. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . 4. "UnderstandingSociety." : Technology and Culture. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . 5. "Technological Determinism." Technological Determinism. Web. 17 May 2012. . 6. "Talcott Parsons." Talcott Parsons. Web. 17 May 2012. . "Terra Nova." : Culture vs Technology. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. . "Home." Gapingvoid. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. .

Responsibilities and Relationships in Education and Training Essay

The Teaching Role and Responsibilities In Education And Training The role of ‘teacher’ is an infinitely varied one, but there certain principles which underpin all aspects of the teaching role. Whether we are attempting to teach from personally acquired experience or knowledge, or from third party information, the process of teaching can be formalized into a structured process with the aim of maximizing the potential for learning. Numerous models exist with the aim of outlining the key stages of this process. For example, Gravells (2010) identifies them as such: Identification of Need →Planning and Design→Delivery/Facilitation→Assessment→Evaluation In order to undertake each of these stages successfully, the role of the teacher becomes multi-faceted. For example, conducting initial interviews with students helps to establish individual aims and identify particular learning styles such as those recognised by Honey & Mumford (1992). This should enable to the teacher to tailor their teaching style and utilize a variety of methods, while also providing an opportunity to set clear goals which can be used as a benchmark when reviewing students’ progress. Accurate documentation of this is essential and forms part of the teachers’ responsibility. Furthermore, whilst undertaking these roles as a teacher, it is vitally important to consider the parameters in which we must operate. These are most likely to be defined by legal requirement – for example the Equality Act (2010) or the policies or the organization for which we may be working. Ultimately, it is down to the individual teacher to ensure their own professional conduct at all times. References: Equality Act (2010). London: HMSO. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents Accessed 25/11/2014. Gravells, A (2010) ‘Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector’. 3rd Ed. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Honey P., Mumford A. (1992) ‘The Manual of Learning Styles’ 3rd Ed. Maidenhead, Peter Honey. Summarise Key Aspects Of Legislation, Regulatory Requirements And Codes Of Practice Relating To Own Role And Responsibilities There are many aspects to consider when discussing the conduct of a teacher and the requirements therein. Some of these are legal frameworks, others are more informal but equally important in terms of setting out guidelines for good practice. All of these requirements, when adhered to, help to ensure that as teachers, we are providing a safe, secure and successful learning environment. As students, they provide reassurance that care will be taken to promote inclusivity, maintain trust and ensure wellbeing. Some Codes of Practice will be designed to suit individual environments and will vary accordingly. Therefore care should be taken to ensure we are familiar with the particular requirements of the company or institution in which we are operating. Other codes are overarching and apply in all circumstances. One of the more recent of these is the ‘Statutory Special Educational Needs and Disability System for Children And Young People’ (SEND) which came into force on 1 September 2014 and explains the duties of schools and colleges to provide adjustments and aids for disabled children and young people up to 25. Legal acts which are underpinned by law are further reaching but equally apply. These include things such as the long standing 1974 Health and Safety  and Work Act, which ensures the â€Å"health, safety and welfare of persons at work† as well as â€Å"protecting others against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of persons at work†. However, in the constantly shifting legal landscape, we should be mindful of new legislation coming into force. Finally, there are, of course, directives issued by professional bodies such the Institute for Learning which has a Code of Professional Practice (2008) covering 7 key areas: Integrity Respect Care Practice Disclosure Responsibility References: Department for Education (2014). ‘SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years’. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/send-code-of-practice-0-to-25 Accessed 29/11/2014 Institute for Learning (2008). ‘Code of Practice’ Available at: https://www.ifl.ac.uk/membership/ifl-code-of-professional-practice/view-the-code-of-professional-practice/ Accessed 1/12/2014 Explain Why It Is Important To Identify And Meet Individual Learner Needs As we have established previously, the first step in the (Gravells, 2010). Teaching and Learning Cycle is ‘Identifying need’. Without properly ascertaining this, the further steps in the cycle become more difficult to achieve and the chance for success is significantly diminished. Furthermore, informing learners of objectives creates a level of expectation for learning (Gagne, 1965). In order to avoid this outcome and the negative implications of failing to succeed, we must have a clear approach. Prior to the start of any learning activity, there will, by necessity be a  process which ostensibly is an administrative exercise. However, these interactions provide an excellent opportunity to engage with students in a way which could provide useful information. For example, noting that a student may have difficulty with grammar or spelling when completing a written questionnaire may indicate a greater need for support with literacy. Or, a student struggling to get to grips with viewing digital information such as a Powerpoint or PDF file could highlight a lack of I.T skill. It is important that we use all of these tools at our disposal, as acknowledging a perceived ‘flaw’ in ourselves is not always an easy thing to do. Students may be unwilling because of stigma or embarrassment or simply through an inability to recognize that a problem exists, which is an issue in roughly 30% of adults (Skills for Life Survey, 2011). However, individual needs may not be only be based on academic ability or skillset, there are a multitude of different needs which may exist and it is important to consider a holistic approach. Some students may have no difficulty with course content but may be distracted by other personal problems which affect their ability to learn. These could include financial difficulty, bereavement or an underlying health issue. Ultimately, the importance of identifying and meeting learners’ needs is about providing the best possibility for successful learning through providing support where it is most needed. References: Gagnà ©, R. M. (1965). ‘The conditions of learning and theory of instruction’ (1st ed.) Holt, Rinehart & Winston: New York. Gravells, A (2010) ‘Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector’. 3rd Ed. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Skills for Life Survey (2011). Department for Business, Innovation & Skills. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2011-skills-for-life-survey Accessed 1/12/14. Explain Ways To Maintain a Safe And Supportive Learning Environment As part of providing students with the best opportunity for success, it is crucial that the learning environment is both safe and supportive. These aspects are intertwined in that their aim is to create an environment where consideration for all matters other than the subject itself can be put aside to concentrate on learning. When operating in any environment, safety is the first issue. A risk assessment should be carried out prior to beginning any teaching session to establish whether hazards exist, and if so what extent they pose a risk (Trades Union Congress, 2008). These factors should also be assessed dynamically and any new or developing threat should be treated as a priority. When working in an environment such as a client office or business premises, safety considerations should include awareness of the existing plan of evacuation in case of fire. Any issues which are identified (such as blocked exits etc) should be bought up with the client in a professional manner. Support for learners may be provided in several ways. On a personal level, it is ensuring inclusivity for all students, treating each individual with respect and tolerance, as well as providing individually tailored help to match the needs identified in the first stage of the Teaching and Learning Cycle (Gravells, 2008). However, support is also provided through recognizing the need to give adequate breaks and availability of resources required to undertake the learning process properly. It is vital that consideration is given to these factors in the planning stage so that support may be implemented pro-actively rather than reactively. References: Trades Union Congress (2008) ‘Risk Assessment’. Precision Printing: London. Available online at: http://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/extras/riskassessment.pdf Accessed 1/12/14 Gravells, A (2010) ‘Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector’. 3rd Ed. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Explain Why It Is Important To Promote Appropriate Behaviour and Respect For Others The importance of appropriate behavior is paramount as it will set the correct tone for a learning environment. Fundamentally, it is about the rights of learners to have access to, attend, and participate in their chosen learning experience regardless of their circumstances. (Equality Act, 2010) The best way to promote this is to set the example as the teacher (School of Educators, 2011). This can be achieved in a variety of ways. Ensuring that the planning of any session has been properly executed will help to demonstrate basic values such as organization, efficiency and punctuality and when delivering a session, using appropriate tone and language will exhibit the kinds of behaviour which we want to see reflected in students. It is also important that we are focused on the task at hand and are not distracted by outside influences. Something as simple as switching off a mobile phone could make all the difference. In that regard, requesting students to put their phones into ‘silent’ mode is something which could help to avoid them becoming distracted but also establishes a basic ground rule while not necessarily conveying the same message as ‘please all turn your phones off’. Where undesirable behaviour occurs, it is important to consider whether addressing it may in fact be more of a disruption than the behaviour itself, however, where it needs to be addressed, this should be done so quickly and professionally. However, it is important to note that students, like teachers should incorporate humour into learning. Using humour in the classroom shows that you are human and consequently encourages students to like and respect you. Being able to laugh at yourself when you make a mistake offers a good counterbalance to the moment when you must be strict and so helps lighten the classroom atmosphere (Cowley, 2007) Treating students as individuals but with equal respect will help to promote the same response from them. Therefore, care should be taken to listen to, appreciate and encourage individual contributions, this is especially true in the case of adult learners who bring their own experiences to the learning setting. References: Cowley, S. (2007) ‘Guerilla Guide to Teaching: The Definitive Resource for New Teachers’ (2nd Ed.) Continuum: London. Equality Act (2010). London: HMSO. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents Accessed 04/12/2014. School of Educators (2011). ‘The Characteristics of a Good Teacher’. Available online at: http://schoolofeducators.com/2011/05/the-characteristics-of-a-good-teacher/ Accessed 4/12/14. Explain How the Teaching Role Involves Working with Other Professionals As a teacher, there will always be a requirement to liaise and work with other professionals, and this is likely to occur in a number of ways. When employed in a teaching role, we act as a representative of the organization which employs us, and we have a responsibility to represent that organization in a professional manner. Equally, when dealing with internal colleagues, whether a manager or a colleague at the same level of seniority, we are dutybound to treat others with respect, politeness and courtesy. Values which all form part of the Institute for Learning ‘Code of Practice’ (2008). Remembering that we have a responsibility to act according to these guidelines can be especially important when faced with other professionals who may be challenging or difficult in their approach. For example, in a  client situation, a Manager who is under pressure is annoyed because some of his staff are being abstracted from their usual duties to undertake training. In this situation, it is feasible that a degree of hostility may be directed toward the trainer. In acknowledging the managers concerns and highlighting the benefit of the training both to the staff and the manager, we may be able to defuse the situation rather than escalate it. Of course, students themselves can be professionals and care must be taken to acknowledge the professional standing of adult learners so that we do not condescend or patronize. However, we also have a responsibility to care for our students and where it is highlighted that a student may have a need or issue which requires third party support, we may need to act as an advocate or intervene to flag potential issues. Legislation such as The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) make it potentially necessary to liaise with other professional agencies and, depending on the nature of the matter, it may be appropriate to use care or discretion. In all cases, it is appropriate that we remain professional and impartial. References: Institute for Learning (2008). ‘Code of Practice’ Available at: https://www.ifl.ac.uk/membership/ifl-code-of-professional-practice/view-the-code-of-professional-practice/ Accessed 1/12/2014 Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006). London: HMSO. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/47/section/6 Accessed 4/12/14 Explain the Boundaries Between the Teaching Role and Other Professional Roles In dealing with other professional roles, there must come a point at which the boundaries of our own role are recognized to avoid us ‘overstepping the line’. This can apply on either a professional or personal level and works in two ways: our behaviour toward others and their behaviour towards us. The key basis upon which these boundaries must be drawn are ethics. Ethics can be described as ‘The codes of conduct or moral principles recognized in a particular profession, sphere of activity, relationship, or other context or aspect of human life’ (Oxford English Dictionary, 2014) In particular, the teaching profession is deeply implicated in ethical concerns and considerations. (Carr, D. 2000.) Therefore, it is an issue which should be constantly at the forefront of our thinking as teachers and an awareness of ethics helps to define the boundaries between us and other professional roles. Some boundaries are not so much an issue of ethics, however, but more of practicality and there must be limits placed on what we can reasonably be expected to achieve. This could, for example, include something such as a client wishing us to condense a lesson into a shorter time to reduce the impact on their business. Whilst the motivation for this may be understandable, it could also be perceived to undermine the value of the lesson itself, or at the very least will have an effect on the quality of the teaching. Recognising this kind of boundary enables us to ensure the integrity of our aims as teachers. Oxford English Dictionary (2014) Available online at: http://www.oed.com/ Accessed 4/12/14. Carr, D. (2000). ‘Professionalism and ethics in teaching’.London: Routledge Describe Points of Referral To Meet The Individual Needs Of Learners The teacher/student relationship is a unique one and often provides opportunities to unearth or identify needs which have previously been unnoticed. These needs may be specific to helping someone become a more effective learner, (such as possible dyslexia) or could be a wider issue in terms of being affecting the individual students’ life beyond the classroom. These wider-reaching needs could be in any area of a persons’ life and broadly speaking, fall into one of 5 categories as identified by Maslow (1943): Our role in providing support to help a student meet the identified need will depend on the particular need itself. For example, a student who is  apparently lacking in one of the ‘upper needs’ such as self-esteem may benefit from more support, praise and encouragement. Some needs, however, will require external or third party input and this is where we may seek to access a point of referral. It may become clear to us in the process of teaching that a student is suffering a crisis affecting their overall wellbeing: Domestic abuse, homelessness, drug or alcohol misuse etc. In this instance, we can play an important role in referring someone to a service or organization who can provide assistance. So as to be sure that we are not misguided, the student themselves should be engaged initially and when help is offered, it can be simply through providing information, or if consent is given, we may choose to act as an advocate. Maslow, A.H (1943). ‘A Theory of Human Motivation’. Psychological Review (50)p.370-396.

How does U.A.Fanthorpe create different personalities within the poems ‘Not My Best side’ and ‘Old Man, Old Man’? Essay

‘Not My Best Side’ and ‘Old Man, Old Man’, both by U.A.Fanthorpe, create different personalities and changes within these throughout the poems. Fanthorpe uses humour, different styles of language, imagery and stereotypes to put her point across. ‘Not My Best Side’ is based on Uccello’s painting from the Renaissance period, of St. George and the Dragon. Fanthorpe has in many ways reversed the personalities portrayed in the picture, and used modern stereotypes to show how hard it is to break out of stereotypes created by society. ‘Old Man, Old Man’ focuses more on change. It uses the stereotypes of an old man and a successful businessman. A narrator, who can be taken to be the old man’s daughter, tells the poem ‘Old Man, Old Man’. The poem uses imagery and different poetic techniques to strengthen the imagery and personalities. One of the main techniques used in both poems is enjambment. In ‘Not My Best Side’ it involves the reader and encourages them to guess what is about to happen. Alternatively, in ‘Old Man, Old Man’ it creates an element of confusion, giving the reader an in-sight into the old man’s feelings. ‘Now you ramble / In your talk around London districts, fretting / At how to find your way from Holborn to Soho.’ This highlights the confusion an old man is feeling as he begins to forget things that were once well known, and realises he is not as independent as he once was. The ‘insignificant’ memory lapse with use of enjambment persuades the reader to stop and feel empathy for the old man, similarly enjambment emphasises the word ‘fretting’. Enjambment also creates suspense in ‘Not My Best Side’, in the dragon’s case. ‘I don’t mind dying / Ritually, since I will always rise again,’ In ‘Old Man, Old Man’ Fanthorpe uses the change of pronoun to show the proximity between the old man and the narrator. Fanthorpe talks in the first half of the poem about the old man when he was younger. It is much less personal than in the second half, when he is an old man and their relationship has become much closer. ‘He was always/ A man who did-it-himself.’ We can tell this is less personal because Fanthorpe has used the pronoun ‘he’ whereas later in the poem, as the relationship is possibly closer, the narrator is talking directly to the old man and so uses ‘you’. ‘He’ is used to distinguish between past and present. It shows how the father – daughter relationship has become closer in the man’s old age because he actually needs his daughter. Fanthorpe proceeds to change the pronoun ‘he’ to ‘you’. This shows how the old man has altered, as well as reflecting the change in the relationship with his daughter. ‘He’, being less personal, also hints at how the daughter thinks of her father as a young man and her father now he is old as two completely different people when in reality they are the same. In ‘Not My Best Side’ if the change in the father’s personality was less important I expect Fanthorpe would have used ‘you wer e’. ‘When I left you tried not to cry’ Here the use of ‘you’ shows up the new, personal relationship between father and daughter. The daughter is talking directly to her father about who he has become. In the present, where ‘you’ is used, the father has become weaker and, even though he dislikes admitting it, needs his daughter’s help. Fanthorpe also uses the descriptions of objects in ‘Old Man, Old Man’ to hint at this new ‘weakness’. ‘recalcitrant / Things in bottles,’ describes not only disorderly things in bottles, but could also address the possible disobedience of his daughters, the memory loss and ageing which he cannot control either. In ‘Old Man, Old Man’ Fanthorpe used a variety of colloquial and poetic language. The poetic language is mainly towards the end of the poem and involves the reader as he tries to comprehend it, as well as show the old man’s confusion as he comes to terms with his amnesia. ‘So obdurate in your contracted world’ shows how the old man is still stubborn, selfish and too proud to be truly thankful for his daughter’s assistance. The more difficult poetic language conveys confusion, through the reader’s feelings towards the language, as well as the physical change in the old man. ‘I am only a cloud’ suggests he is going blind, so that his daughter is a cloud in his vision. The form of the poems varies totally. Both are free verse, therefore having no specific metre. ‘Not My Best Side’ particularly relies on the layout because of its significant three stanzas. There is no other way that this poem could be laid out without confusing the character’s points of view, or making the meaning of the poem unclear. If the stanzas were all ‘stuck’ together in one long verse, the characters still would not stand out and the appearance of the poem may be less appealing, looking more like a long mass of words. Humour is used in ‘Not My Best Side’ to make the poem more enjoyable while having a serious underlying point. The humour is successful because, although the poem is based on a medieval story, the language is very modern and gives the verses a comical twist. Fanthorpe refers to modern day issues, like acne, to give the poem humour, ‘I mean, / What was he like underneath all the hardware? / He might have acne, black heads or even / Bad breath for all I could tell,’ I find the tone of this statement humorous because looks are a definite issue today, and a medieval maiden thinking like that – is it normal?! The fact that looks, acne and bad breath are such big issues today, helps present the point that it is very difficult to break out of the stereotypes set by society, as well as making the characters seem real to the reader. These modern stereotypes allow the characters to break out of the stereotypes set by the painting and so, I think, Fanthorpe is trying to say that we should get to know the real person and not be judgmental and discriminatory. In the picture of St. George and the dragon there are three stereotypes – the evil dragon, the helpless maiden and the knight in shining armour. Fanthorpe has changed those in the picture to a new and modern, but equally stereotypical set. However the characters remain in the same situation: the maiden is still the captive, the dragon is still the captor and the knight is saving the maiden. Therefore Fanthorpe has merely changed their personalities, not the situation. ‘Why should my victim be so / unattractive as to be inedible,’ Shows how today the maiden is no longer considered beautiful, thus showing the change of perceptions, especially of the dragon. While changing the stereotypes set by the myth, the poem challenges them at the same time. In the poem the knight is vain and ladish, ‘You can’t / Do better than me at the moment’ and is not the ‘knight in shining armour’ as represented in the picture. The dragon comes across very differently in the poem, he appears to be shy and self-conscious shown in the first line by ‘Not my best side, I’m afraid’. The dragon is more of a victim than the maiden, being victimised by the knight (having killed him) and the artist (having cut off two of his legs!). However he seems to sympathise with the artist as he refers to him as ‘Poor chap’ perhaps because he also sees the artist as a victim due to his inability in painting. The dragon is actually a kind character and can not sympathise with the ostentatious people in society namely the knight, ‘Why, I asked myself, should my conqueror / Be so ostentatiously beardless,’ I think the dragon is also jealous of the knight and would rather be popular without having to fulfil history. The dragon knows his destiny, death, and knows there is no escape, however it is made clear that he would rather die after a fight and by a more dangerous looking knight. The maiden is also definitely not a victim, ‘It’s hard for a girl to be sure if / She wants to be rescued.’ She is very forward and knows her own mind and we can see that she didn’t really want to be rescued. She states how she ‘didn’t much fancy him’ (the knight) and preferred to know what equipment she was getting at a glance. Through this Fanthorpe is contrasting modern society and the traditional mythical roles. However, even though the maiden is against being rescued, Fanthorpe shows how, even though women are more dominant and opinionated than in the past, there is a certain conclusion: women still go back to the safety of a husband, ‘And a girl’s got to think of her future.’ This shows how, to some degree, women are still confined to their roles set by society. In comparison ‘Old Man, Old Man’ uses stereotyping much less. It confronts two common stereotypes in men – the powerful businessman, who does little for his family, and a forgetful old man, who is longing for the ‘good old days’ but is too stubborn to ask for the help and love he wants from his daughter who loves his helplessness. ‘I love / Your helplessness you who hate being helpless.’ Shows how the old man finds it extremely difficult to come to terms with the changes he has gone through. He wishes he were still as independent as he once was and dislikes his dependence on his daughter. However he still appears to be stubborn and proud as suggested in the final stanza by ‘Let me find your hammer. Let me / Walk with you o Drury Lane.’ It demonstrates how the daughter has to ask to be allowed to do anything to help him with ‘let’ showing the pleading in order to be allowed to do so. The stereotypical businessman contrasts with the allusion to his organisation, which is perhaps lost by age, ‘†¦as you forget / If you’ve smoked your timetabled cigarette?’ The old man was once well organised (also shown by the labelling of bottles) but has become frail and forgetful not even remembering the simple things which once ‘ruled’ his life. This transformation from businessman to old man explains the alterations in the man due to ageing. The relationship between the two characters in ‘Old Man, Old Man’, the man (old and young) and the narrator, who we can assume to be his daughter as she knows his past with disinherited children and failures with daughters unusually well, develops during the poem. Fanthorpe shows his incompetence produced by old age in the second half of the poem. ‘Let me find your hammer.’ sums up the relationship at the end of the poem between the father and daughter especially showing the old man’s helplessness – he can not even find his own hammer. At the start of the poem the old man, in his youth, is made out to have a bad relationship with his daughters, ‘not good with daughters’ and to be very caught up in his business. I have a feeling that the daughter may have been one of his disinherited children or not far off from being so. I think she was very frightened of him when he was younger and is still desperate to be accepted and/or forgiven by her father, which is why the word ‘let’ is repeated. Many of the characters in the two poems are similar. Comparisons can be made between the old man and the maiden and the knight due to situation and character (respectively). The knight and the old man in his youth relate to each other due to many similarities in character. I think it is hinted that the old man in his youth was self-centred, arrogant and powerful. The old man being described as ‘Lord’ shows us his power and control. ‘Lord once of shed, garage and garden,’ ‘Lord’ suggests that he was in control and looked up to by his employees, etc. which is similar to the knight’s character and situation. The knight is also respected by most people because of his profession and self-confidence (he does not care what other people think and in more ways than one). However with him boasting of his diplomas, etc. and wishes of becoming a hero, one could say that he is a typical lad, ‘So why be difficult? / Don’t you want to be killed and/or rescued / in the most contemporary way? He thinks that people can not do better than he can at the moment therefore he gets to make decisions for other people which of course are favoured by him. Fanthorpe also uses his character to relate to the issue of sexism. He assumes that all women should stick to the roles set by mythology and tradition, and obviously doesn’t look upon those who ‘break out of line’ kindly (Sara Cox being a modern day ladette). The old man is also similar to the maiden because of their mutual dislike of being helped. They are both intensely headstrong characters and only consented to the aid offered under serious circumstances. The old man grudgingly allows his daughter to help him because he is old and helpless. Likewise the maiden only allows the knight to rescue her once ‘The dragon got himself beaten by the boy’ and when she realised that ‘a girl’s got to think of her future.’ In the end both are forced to give in to their designated social roles and stereotypes. From closer examination we can see that the relationship of characters within the poems actually compare between the poems. In both poems we can see that one of the characters is competing against something in the poem and one comes out the victor. In ‘Not My Best Side’ the knight is competing against the dragon to see who will die, and in ‘Old Man, Old Man’ the daughter is competing with her father’s business for love and attention. In the end we see that the knight has won because he has killed the dragon and saved the maiden; in ‘Old Man, Old Man’ the daughter wins but by patience. As her father grows old, he needs his daughter’s help and can no longer run his own life, let alone a business, efficiently. The daughter has waited her whole life to be able to do something for her father and it is only in his old age she is allowed to do so. Within both poems there are many contrasts and comparisons between characters. I think Fanthorpe has managed to create the different characters extremely well through many different methods. She has incorporated poetic techniques to make characters and their feelings stand out, and language to show how personalities have developed. Humour is used to make ‘Not My Best Side’ enjoyable whilst putting across a serious point of view, and imagery to bring ‘Old Man, Old Man’ to life. As well as the different stereotypes employed, Fanthorpe has used the relationships between characters to create many strongly formed personalities within the poems. I think my favourite poem out of the two is ‘Not My Best Side’, purely because of the humour and the light-hearted way of conveying a serious point. I also feel I can identify better with it because it covers many common, modern day issues, which have affected me more than the effects of old age. I feel that Fanthorpe, in both poems, has made a lasting impression on the reader. The humour of ‘Not My Best Side, has certainly moved me, and I admire the ingenuity of taking a picture and changing the personalities of the characters. Fanthorpe adds depth to ‘Old Man, Old Man’ by subtly suggesting the old man’s confusion on a level below the everyday situations. In this way the poem conveys the difficult changes of ageing in a touching manner.

Free Essays on World War One

The World War I was a significant turning point in the Twentieth century. It caused â€Å"the world to go crazy.† The roles of Wilson, Clemenceau and Lloyd-George helped structure the peace agreements. Some historians have criticized the Treaty Of Versailles as a failure and as the signal event that laid the foundation for World War II. Twenty-seven countries on five continents were involved in World War I. This war was also called the Great War. New weapons and new methods of warfare were developed during World War I that dramatically affected the war. World War I was the bloodiest and most costly of all the previous wars. World War I was different from previous wars because of the new types of weapons and methods used on the battlefields, in the skies, and on the seas. World War I was different from previous wars because of the types of weapons and the methods of warfare used. Soldiers first saw the use of tanks, submarines, trench warfare, hand grenades, long-range field guns, air warfare including bombers and airships called zeppelins, and poisonous mustard gas. Because of the new technology in warfare, World War I took the lives of twice as many members of our armed forces as all the previous major wars put together. The British army first established the use of tanks, a new weapon in warfare. The Germans , in turn, developed new weapons to deal with the tanks, which included field guns. World War I marked the beginning of chemical warfare in which clouds of poisonous mustard gas contributed to the casualties of the war. Unlike previous wars, World War I was fought on the sea and in the air. This was the first war in which airplanes and zeppelins were used. At the outbreak of the war, each army had several hundred planes. The Germans used the zeppelin for observation and for bombing raids. The submarine came into use for the first time on a large scale during World War I. The Germans speeded up production of submarines in an... Free Essays on World War One Free Essays on World War One The World War I was a significant turning point in the Twentieth century. It caused â€Å"the world to go crazy.† The roles of Wilson, Clemenceau and Lloyd-George helped structure the peace agreements. Some historians have criticized the Treaty Of Versailles as a failure and as the signal event that laid the foundation for World War II. Twenty-seven countries on five continents were involved in World War I. This war was also called the Great War. New weapons and new methods of warfare were developed during World War I that dramatically affected the war. World War I was the bloodiest and most costly of all the previous wars. World War I was different from previous wars because of the new types of weapons and methods used on the battlefields, in the skies, and on the seas. World War I was different from previous wars because of the types of weapons and the methods of warfare used. Soldiers first saw the use of tanks, submarines, trench warfare, hand grenades, long-range field guns, air warfare including bombers and airships called zeppelins, and poisonous mustard gas. Because of the new technology in warfare, World War I took the lives of twice as many members of our armed forces as all the previous major wars put together. The British army first established the use of tanks, a new weapon in warfare. The Germans , in turn, developed new weapons to deal with the tanks, which included field guns. World War I marked the beginning of chemical warfare in which clouds of poisonous mustard gas contributed to the casualties of the war. Unlike previous wars, World War I was fought on the sea and in the air. This was the first war in which airplanes and zeppelins were used. At the outbreak of the war, each army had several hundred planes. The Germans used the zeppelin for observation and for bombing raids. The submarine came into use for the first time on a large scale during World War I. The Germans speeded up production of submarines in an...

3 Appositive Errors

3 Appositive Errors 3 Appositive Errors 3 Appositive Errors By Mark Nichol Confusion often arises as to how or whether to punctuate appositive phrases, which are descriptions that identify someone or something named in the same sentence. Here are three statements with punctuation problems that illustrate the peril of improper punctuation, with explanations and suggested revisions. 1. â€Å"The fog arrived unannounced ‘on little cat feet,’ as the American poet, Carl Sandburg, put it.† Framing Carl Sandburg’s name with commas implies that he is the American poet the only one. The accurate revision is â€Å"The fog arrived unannounced ‘on little cat feet,’ as the American poet Carl Sandburg put it.† (In this case, the, preceding the epithet, is optional and American is included only because the source sentence is from a book published in the United Kingdom, where Sandburg’s name is not as well known as it is in the United States.) 2. â€Å"But he had another particular passion, and that was water, ‘especially dramatically moving water,’ writes his biographer Robert Jones.† It’s quite possible for a famous personage to have more than one biographer, but in this context, only one, the source of the quote, is referred to, so his name should be set off in apposition to the epithet biographer: â€Å"But he had another particular passion, and that was water, ‘especially dramatically moving water,’ writes his biographer, Robert Jones.† (In other contexts, â€Å"writes biographer Robert Jones† which from its lack of commas denotes that more than one biographer exists might be correct.) 3. â€Å"Here’s what the CEO of World Wide Widgets John Smith said to his employees in a blog post.† The identification of the subject of this sentence is incorrectly ordered. Four solutions present themselves: â€Å"Here’s what World Wide Widgets CEO John Smith said to his employees in a blog post† is journalistic style, in which the simple affiliation-title-name syntax erases the need for punctuation, but formal writing favors a more relaxed arrangement. â€Å"Here’s what John Smith, World Wide Widgets’s CEO, said to his employees in a blog post† helpfully sets the subject’s affiliation and title off from his name, but it’s better yet to reverse the order to title, then affiliation; either that combination or the name can come first (â€Å"Here’s what the CEO of World Wide Widgets, John Smith, said to his employees in a blog post† or â€Å"Here’s what John Smith, the CEO of World Wide Widgets, said to his employees in a blog post†; in the latter example, the is optional). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial Expressions15 Types of DocumentsAffect vs. Effect

Pendulum and Spring Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pendulum and Spring - Lab Report Example The motion moves up and down between two extremes. The maximum displacement is called the amplitude. When a spring is hanging vertically with no mass, it has a given length. When the mass was added the length changed. Every spring also has a spring constant. The periodic time also reduces as the as the length of the rod of the pendulum was reduced. This exactly shows how the length of the rod varies directly with periodic time. The periodic time also reduces as the mass was being added on the rod. There were some errors that occurred when carrying out the experiment, this lead to the inaccuracy of the various values and graphs drawn. The pendulum may not have been mounted in the same position as the gravity; it may not be pointing directly to the center of the earth. The pendulum surface may also not be aero-dynamic to avoid lift and drag by air. Mistakes could also be from measuring the length of the pendulum causing inaccurate

Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing Essay

Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing - Essay Example Various functions of the business can be outsourced. The function which are most popular in outsourcing are IT functions, customer care, human resource, financial functions, marketing function etc. Nike the famous sports accessories company had outsourced the work of manufacturing shoes to countries like India and China as this will reduce the cost is an example of outsourcing. Off shoring is also a type of outsourcing. When a company outsources its work to other companies which are situated in different countries is known as off shoring. The main off shoring companies are Price Waterhouse Coopers, HSBC, TCS, Wipro, IBM, Capgemini, Genpact etc. the various type of outsourcing are business process outsourcing, knowledge process outsourcing, finance and accounting outsourcing, legal process outsourcing, human resource process outsourcing etc. Outsourcing has resulted in increase in the number of employment. The process of outsourcing mainly consists of four stages they are 1) identifyi ng whether outsourcing is required by the company 2) identifying and selecting the activities which can be outsourced 3) developing the contract 4) delegating the authority to the service provider so that the working can be smooth. The contract contains mainly three things they are the price at which the service will be provided, the legal terms and condition and the service level agreement. Outsourcing can be done by function, region and industry. 2. Growing Importance of Outsourcing With every passing day outsourcing is becoming popular. As per a study conducted by Capgemini more than 70% of executives think that in today’s competitive world outsourcing is important for survival. About 70% executives feel that savings made by outsourcing can be used for growth and 60% feel that flexibility can be achieved through outsourcing. Companies in manufacturing sectors prefer outsourcing more than the companies in service sector. The decisions of outsourcing are taken after assessin g the profitability and companies, ability to grow. Companies who do outsourcing can invest their savings for future growth and innovation. Thus these companies are in better position than the companies who do not do outsourcing as they can save less than the former ones (Brady, 2011). Outsourcing helps the company not only to save money but also to achieve expert service. The firms who do the outsourced work have the human resource who are specialised to do that particular work. In this way the company can utilise expert skill that to without making any capital investment. Thus through outsourcing companies achieve reduction in cost as well as quality service. This is the main reason of growing popularity of outsourcing. Outsourcing is becoming a major business activity which has the potential of becoming an industry. In figure 1 we can see the growth of outsourcing in different sectors. As per the figure about 61% of outsourcing is done in software development, 58% in website and e- commerce, 55% in hosted application, 53% in disaster recovery service and 32% in data centre operations. The use of outsourcing has been increased most in software development organisations. There is almost 14% increase in outsourcing in website and e-commerce sector. The second largest increase in outsourcing is in hosted applications sector. In help desk activities there is no decrease in outsourcing. Thus one can find that every sector is involved in outsourcing. The activities outsourced ranges from